The feeding system of a waste incinerator is the inlet for waste entering the incineration equipment, typically including a hopper, conveyor, and feed gate. The feeding system must ensure that waste is continuously and evenly fed into the combustion chamber while preventing backflow or leakage. Some equipment is equipped with automated feeding devices that can adjust the feed rate according to the incineration speed to ensure combustion efficiency.
The combustion system is the core of the incinerator, mainly composed of the combustion chamber, secondary combustion chamber, ignition device, and combustion control system. The combustion chamber provides a high-temperature environment, allowing the waste to be fully oxidized and decomposed at high temperatures; the secondary combustion chamber further combusts residues and harmful gases, improving incineration efficiency and reducing harmful emissions; the combustion control system adjusts temperature, airflow, and combustion time to ensure stable combustion.
The flue gas generated during incineration needs to be treated by an exhaust and purification system. Common devices include cyclone dust collectors, bag filters, electrostatic precipitators, acid mist neutralization towers, and activated carbon adsorption devices. The exhaust purification system removes particulate matter, harmful gases, and acidic pollutants, ensuring that flue gas emissions meet environmental standards and reducing environmental impact.
The ash removal system is responsible for handling the ash or molten slag after incineration and typically includes a bottom ash removal device, an ash cooling system, and a slag bin. The ash generally needs to be cooled before discharge to reduce the risks posed by high temperatures during subsequent transportation and handling, and to facilitate safe storage or landfill.
Modern waste incinerators are also equipped with auxiliary systems such as blowers, heaters, air duct systems, and water cooling systems to ensure stable combustion and heat dissipation. The control system enables automated management, including real-time adjustment of temperature, airflow, combustion time, and emission monitoring. It can automatically alarm or shut down in abnormal situations, improving equipment safety and ease of operation.